We have been working with Nana on the walks in the backyard, not sure how to handle the long walks we give her since it’s not consistent with the treats. Should we be doing that as well outside of the house or for training periods only?
Training in the backyard and walking should be no different. If you do not make them the same she will soon figure out what is going on. The treats are only a tool to teach the correct mechanics of the behavior. They will be used only on the occasion once we reach the intended behavior.We first start training using what is known as the continuous schedule of reinforcement. This means the dog is rewarded each on every correct response. The continuous schedule is only temporary. We may be able to move away from it on our next meeting.The next step is what is known as fixed ratio. This means it is set for a specific number of correct responses. We will start with a FR-2 (fixed ratio second correct response). Once the dog is responding with this level we will move to FR-3, FR-4…. until we reach a high level of responses.
When doing time and distance we work with what is referred to as the interval schedule of reinforcement. This requires the dog to perform for a prescribed amount of time or distance before it can receive reinforcement. At this time we are on a very short period. Each time we should be asking the dog to go about 10% more before reinforcement.
Once we reach 5 minutes of heeling without a reward, and obtain a level of 10 correct responses in a row we can move to the variable interval and ratio. What this means is the dog will not go more than 5 minutes without reinforcement, but it is give randomly. The ratio is the same the dog will not exceed 10 correct responses without reinforcement. This is the most effective means of reinforcement. It allows you to have greater control over the dog and responses are more consistent.
The reason we move slowly and one step at a time is because of something known as a response pause. If we suddenly increase the schedule of reinforcement the dog’s performance will become inconsistent. Then if we continue we will loose the behaviors.
Some years ago a study was done on 6 pigeons and measured the power of the intermittent rate of reinforcement. The pigeons were brought to a FR-100 then moved to a VR-100 before reinforcement was completely withheld for a behavior they had been trained to do. After reinforcement was removed every pigeon performed 10,000 correct responses each before they showed signs of failure.
What does this mean? Bring the dog up one level at a time and the dog will respond with little reinforcement.